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Nishkam Karma (sanskrit IAST : ''niṣkāmakarma''), self-less or desireless action, is an action performed without any expectation of fruits or results, and the central tenet of Karma Yoga path to Liberation. Its modern advocates press upon achieving success following the principles of Yoga,〔(Material Success Through Principles of Yoga ) by Swami Kriyananda, ''Times of India, August 3, 2005.''〕 and stepping beyond personal goals and agendas while pursuing any action over greater good,〔(‘Get over that mindset of networking with an agenda’ ) Bala V Balachandran, ''The Economic Times, August 20, 2007.''〕〔(A small matter of the ego ) ''Times of India, December 12, 2004.''〕〔(THE SPEAKING TREE: Father, Lead Me from Sakam to Nishkam ) by Anil Ambani (Reliance Industries), ''Times of India, December 4, 2004.''〕 which has become well known since it is the central message of the Bhagavad Gita.〔(Gita's Emphasis on Good of the World ) ''Times of India, January 6, 2004.''〕 In Indian philosophy, action or Karma has been divided into three categories, according to their intrinsic qualities or gunas. Here Nishkam Karma belongs to the first category, the ''Sattva'' (pure) or actions which add to calmness; the Sakam Karma (Self-centred action) comes in the second ''rājasika'' (aggression) and Akarma (in-action) comes under the third, ''tāmasika'' which correlates to darkness or inertia.〔(Relaxation, a must for better mind power ) ''Times of India, July 28, 2008.''〕 == Nishkam Karma at work place == The opposite of ''Sakam Karma'' (Attached Involvement) or actions done with results in mind,〔(Sakam Karma )〕 Nishkam Karma has been variously explained as 'Duty for duty's sake' 〔''Psychology in Human and Social Development: Lessons from Diverse Cultures : a Festschrift for Durganand Sinha'', by Durganand Sinha, John W. Berry, R. C. Mishra, Rama Charan Tripathi. Published by SAGE, 2003. ISBN 0-7619-9535-8. ''Page 61''.〕 and as 'Detached Involvement', which is neither negative attitude or indifference; and has today found many advocates in the modern business area where the emphasis has shifted to ethical business practices adhering to intrinsic human values and reducing stress at the workplace.〔(Human Values and Indian Ethos ) ''Human Action in Business: Praxiological and Ethical Dimensions'', by Wojciech Gasparski, Leo V. Ryan. Published by Transaction Publishers, 1996. ISBN 1-56000-258-1. ''Page 181''.〕〔(Nishkama Karma ) ''Ethics in International Management'', by Brij Kumar, Brij Nino Kumar, Horst Steinmann. Published by Walter de Gruyter, 1998. ISBN 3-11-015448-X. ''Page 296''.〕 Another aspect that differentiates it from Sakam or selfish action, is that while the former is guided by inspiration, the latter is all about motivation, and that makes the central difference in its results, for example Sakam Karma might lead to excessive work pressure and workaholism as it aims at success, and hence creates more chances of physical and psychological burn outs. On the other hand Nishkam Karma, means more balanced approach to work, and as work has been turned into a pursuit of personal excellence, which results in greater personal satisfaction, which one would have otherwise sought in job satisfaction coming from external rewards. One important fallout of the entire shift is that where one is essentially an ethical practice inside-out leading to the adage, ‘Work is worship’ show itself literally at workplace, leading to greater work commitment, the other since it is so much result oriented can lead to unethical business and professional ethics, as seen so often at modern work place 〔''Globalisation Managing Org. Adaptation'', by Murthi. Published by Anmol Publications PVT. LTD..ISBN 8126104961. ''Mantra of Karma Yoga -Page 333-334''.〕 Since the central tenet of practicing Nishkam Karma is Mindfulness in the present moment.〔(Mindfulness with Present Is Nishkama Karma ) ''Times of India, February 6, 2007.''〕 Over time, this practice leads to not only equanimity of mind as it allows the practitioner to stay detached from results, and hence from ups and downs of business that are inevitable in any business arena, while maintaining constant work commitment since work as now been turned into a personal act of worship.〔(How are CEOs beating the crunch factor? ) Lalbhai Shah (Arvind Mills), ''The Economic Times, June 1, 2007.''〕〔(The Guru of Google ) ''Rolling Stone, April 17, 2008''.〕 Further in the long run it leads to cleansing of the heart but also spiritual growth and holistic development.〔''Human Values and Ethics: Achieving Holistic Excellence'', by SK Chakraborty, D Chakraborty. Published by ICFAI Books. ISBN 81-314-0379-3.''Page 190''.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nishkam Karma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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